Q1. Karan Fries are crossbred cows.
Solution
True
Q2. Camel is a meat-yielding animal.
Solution
Cattle are draught animals.
Q3. (i) Give three advantages of loosening the soil before sowing the seeds. (ii) Mahesh uses a cultivator for ploughing whereas Satish uses a hoe for ploughing. What advantage does Mahesh have over Satish?
Solution
(i) a. Loosening the soil allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil. b. The loose soil allows the deeply penetrated roots to breathe easily. c. The loosened soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in the soil.(ii) Since Mahesh uses the cultivator, he is able to save both labour and time as compared to Satish.
Q4. (i) Discuss the working of sprinkler system of irrigation.(ii) What is water-logging?
Solution
(i) The perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals. When water is allowed to flow through the main pipe under pressure with the help of a pump, it escapes from the rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkled on the crop as if it is raining.(ii) When too much water is given to the soil, it becomes wet. Water accumulates around the plant. This is called water-logging.
Q5. Poultry animals cannot be vaccinated.
Solution
Poultry animals can be vaccinated against various
diseases.
Q6. Why does a sprinkler
irrigation system have a rotating nozzle at the top end?
Solution
The rotating nozzle at the top end of the sprinkler irrigation system
ensures that water from the sprinkler is applied to the field in all the
directions and a large area of the field is covered by a single nozzle.
Q7. Why is less irrigation needed in crop fields supplied with manures than in crop fields supplied with fertilizers?
Solution
Manure enhances the water holding capacity of the soil, but this property is not shown by fertilizers. Hence less irrigation is needed in crop fields supplied with manures than in crop fields supplied with fertilizers.
Q8. Why is it important to loosen the soil before sowing the seeds?
Solution
Loosening the soil allows the roots of crops to penetrate deep into the soil and allows the roots to breathe easily.
Q9. Cattle were
the first domesticated animals.
Solution
Dogs were
the first domesticated animals.
Q10. (i) Why do damaged seeds float on water?(ii) Mention three advantages of sowing seeds using seed drill?
Solution
(i) Damaged seeds become hollow and are thus lighter. Hence they float on water.(ii) a. A seed drill sows the seeds uniformly at proper distances and depths. b. It ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing, thereby preventing damage caused by birds. c. Sowing by using a seed drill saves time and labour.
Q11. In which
type of field would a sprinkler irrigation system be more beneficial?
Solution
A sprinkler irrigation system will be more beneficial in a field with
uneven land mass as the water will be distributed evenly in such type of
field.
Q12. Fertilisers are applied to plants in soil. Then how do they cause water pollution?
Solution
Fertilisers are soluble in water and easily get washed off through irrigation and rainfall. They enter the water bodies and pollute them, thus disturbing the ecosystem.
Q13. Describe the
nutrient composition of animal foods in general.
Solution
Generally, food stuff obtained from animal sources is rich in proteins
and fats. It also contains certain minerals and vitamins. Animal foods
provide certain proteins which are absent in plant foods. Animal foods are
low in carbohydrate content.
Q14. In which case do you think fish will form a major part of the diet of people. Why?(a) People living in desert areas(b) People living in coastal areas(c) People living in areas with rich vegetationName any two fish consumed by people.
Solution
Many people living in the coastal areas consume fish as a major part of their diet. This is because fish is easily and cheaply available in plenty in coastal areas. Pomphret, Hilsa, Salmon, Tuna, Rohu, carp are fish consumed by people. (Write any two)
Q15. Camel is a meat-yielding animal.
Solution
Cattle are draught animals.
Q16. Why are kharif crops more prone to pest attack than rabi crops?
Solution
Kharif crops are grown in humid and warm climate and these conditions are more favourable for infestation of insect pests and diseases.
Q17. (i) Briefly describe the drip irrigation system. (ii) What are the advantages of drip irrigation system.
Solution
(i) In the drip irrigation system, there is a network of narrow pipes (or tubes) with small holes, in the fields. When water flows through the narrow pipes, it falls drop by drop at the position of roots of the plants. This water is absorbed by the soil in the root zone of the plants and utilized by the plants. There is no run-off (or wastage) of irrigation water. Drip system is the best technique for watering (or irrigating) fruit plants, trees and gardens. (ii) Drip irrigation system has the following advantages: a. Drip system provides water to plants drop by drop. So, water is not wasted at all. b. Drip system minimises the use of water in agriculture. So, drip system of irrigation is very useful in those regions where the availability of water is poor.
Q18. (i) Which oil is obtained from fish? What is it rich in?(ii) Why is it that people in India have access to large amounts of fish?
Solution
(i) Cod-liver oil is obtained from fish. It is rich in vitamin D.(ii) India has a lengthy coastline and numerous inland water spreads. Hence, fishing can be carried out in all these areas. This leads to availability of large amounts of fish for people in India.
Q19. Karan Fries are crossbred cows.
Solution
True
Q20. What is the branch
of animal husbandry which deals with the rearing of bees for honey known as?
Solution
Apiculture
Q21. What is the advantage of turning and loosening of soil before sowing?
Solution
Turning and loosening of soil brings the lower layers of soil which are nutrient-rich upwards so that plants can use these nutrients.
Q22. At which
stages do wheat fields require irrigation?
Solution
Wheat requires irrigation at three stages:
Before the field is ploughed At the time of
flowering At the time of grain development
Q23. Name a
government organisation which helps store food grains on a large scale.
Solution
The Food Corporation of India (FCI) buys grains from farmers on a
large scale and stores them.
Q24. List two
advantages of drip irrigation.
Solution
It helps conserve water
It provides water directly to the roots and
thus ensures maximum absorption of water by the roots
Q25. Why are many measures used to bring large amount of agricultural land under irrigation?
Solution
At present most agriculture in India is rain fed, so poor monsoons cause crop failure. If crops get water at the right stages during their growing season, their yields will greatly increase. Hence efforts are made to remove the dependence on rains and introduce irrigation in more agricultural fields.
Q26. What is combine? What is its use?
Solution
A combine is a combined harvester and thresher. It is used for threshing.
Q27. In a shelter for cattle, the floor should be flat.
Solution
In a shelter for cattle, the floor should be sloping
so that cleaning and keeping the place dry is easy.
Q28. How the lowering of temperature helps in increasing the shelf-life of food?
Solution
Lowering of temperature slows down the growth of bacteria, yeast and moulds, and inhibits the action of enzymes present in the food material.
Q29. Cattle were
the first domesticated animals.
Solution
Dogs were
the first domesticated animals.
Q30. How was
threshing done traditionally?
Solution
Traditionally,
for threshing, the harvested crops would be laid down flat on the floor and
farm animals such as cattle would be made to walk over the crops till the
chaff of the crops breaks and the grains come out.
Q31. What is
broadcasting in agriculture?
Solution
Broadcasting
in agriculture implies to the sowing of seeds by hand or manually.
Q32. When would
one expect to find large crumbs of soil in the field?
Solution
The
soil breaks up into large chunks of mud called crumbs after ploughing if the soil
is very dry.
Q33. Name two
poultry animals other than hen and chicken.
Solution
Duck and turkey
Q34. State a
disadvantage of using a combine for harvesting and threshing.
Solution
The use of a combine significantly reduces the amount of hay obtained
after harvesting the crop, and hence, to feed farm animals, an additional
investment for hay is required.
Q35. (i) What is winnowing? (ii) How is winnowing done?(iii) What is the function of combine?
Solution
(i) The process of separating grain from chaff and hay with the help of wind is called winnowing. (ii) When the grain mixed with chaff and hay is made to fall from a height in blowing wind, the grain, being heavy, falls straight to the ground, whereas the chaff and hay, being much lighter, are carried some distance away by the wind. In this way, the grains form a separate heap and can be collected and packed in gunny bags. (iii) A combine is a huge machine which cuts the standing cereal crop (like wheat) in the fields, threshes it and separates the chaff from grain in one operation.
Q36. Differentiate between kharif and rabi crops.
Solution
Kharif Crops
Rabi Crops
i. The crop which are sown in teh rainy season are called kharif crops.
i. The crops grown in the winter season are called rabi crops.
ii. The rainy season in India is generally from Junte to September.
ii. Their time period is generally from October to March.
Example - Paddy.
Example - Wheat
Q37. (i) Why honey is used in Ayurvedic medicines?(ii) What is apiculture? Name the product produced by this process.
Solution
(i) Honey is used in Ayurvedic medicines as it is rich in sugars, minerals and enzymes.(ii) The rearing of honey-bees on large scale is called apiculture. Honey is produced by rearing honey-bees.
Q38. Fish liver
oil is rich in which vitamins?
Solution
Vitamins
A and D
Q39. What precautions should be taken by farmers while spraying weedicides and why?
Solution
The farmers should cover their nose and mouth with a piece of cloth during spraying of weedicides. This is because spraying of weedicides may affect the health of farmers.
Q40. Mention three advantages of sowing seeds using seed drill?
Solution
a. A seed drill sows the seeds uniformly at proper distances and depths. b. It ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing, thereby preventing damage caused by birds. c. Sowing by using a seed drill saves time and labour.
Q41. Poultry animals cannot be vaccinated.
Solution
Poultry animals can be vaccinated against various
diseases.
Q42. Which part
of the neem plant is used to store grains? Why?
Solution
Leaves of the neem plant are used to store grains. This is because
neem leaves contain certain chemicals which are insect repellent and hence
keeps insects and pests away.
Q43. What is the importance of threshing?
Solution
Threshing is carried out to separate the grain from the chaff in the harvested crop.
Q44. What is the branch
of animal husbandry which deals with the rearing and breeding of fish known
as?
Solution
Pisciculture
Q45. Discuss two advantages of drip irrigation system.
Solution
a. It is the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees in regions of water scarcity. b. Since water is supplied drop by drop at the position of the roots, there is no water wastage.
Q46. In a shelter for cattle, the floor should be flat.
Solution
In a shelter for cattle, the floor should be sloping so that cleaning and keeping the place dry is easy.
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